Acronyms, Idioms And Slang: The Evolution Of The English Language. :: essays research papers

Abbreviations, Idioms and Slang: the Evolution of the English Language.      Although the English language is just 1500 years of age, it has developed at a staggering rate: to such an extent, that, from the start, the normal individual in America today would discover most Shakespearean writing befuddling without the guide of an Old-English word reference or Cliff's Notes. However Shakespear lived only 300 quite a while back! Some are seeing this is an indication of the decay of the English language, that individuals are turning out to be less and less educated. As R. Walker composes in his paper "Why English Needs Protecting," "the good and monetary decrease of Extraordinary Britain in the post-war time has been reflected by a decrease in the English language and literature." I, in any case, oppose this idea. I can't help thinking that the purpose of language is to impart †to communicate some thought or trade some type of data with another person. In this sense, the English language appears, not fundamentally to be improving or rotting, yet streamlining †getting more effective.      It has been both said and seen that the mechanical advancement of a society will in general develop exponentially instead of straightly. The equivalent can likewise be said of the English language. English is developing on two levels: socially and mechanically. Furthermore, both of these are unavoidable. Maybe the more recognizable of the two today is the mechanical development of English. At the point when the current extent of a given language is inadequate to depict another idea, development, or on the other hand property, at that point there turns into a need to modify, consolidate, or make words to give a required definition. For instance, the field of Astro-Physics has furnished the English language with such new terms as pulsar, quasar, quark, dark opening, photon, neutrino, positron and so forth. Correspondingly, our general public has as of late be immersed with a heap of new terms from the field of Computer Science: motherboard, hard drive, Internet, megabyte, CD, IDE, SCSI, TCP/IP, WWW, HTTP, DMA, GUI and actually many others abbreviations this specific field is famous for. While a portion of these terms, for example, dark gap and hard drive, are only a blend of prior words, a considerable lot of them are new words inside and out. To me it appears to be certain that anything that serves to expand the scholarly jargon of a general public ought to be invited, despite the fact that not all would concur. For instance, many have blamed this pattern for making an abbreviation for everything to be unoriginal and befuddling. Furthermore, while I concur that there is actually no compelling reason to curtail Kentucky Fried Chicken, it becomes tiring to need to continually say Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) or Transfer Control Convention/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) when they are both utilized so every now and again when

Utopian Society Essays - Fiction, Literature, Political Philosophy

Idealistic Society Essays - Fiction, Literature, Political Philosophy Idealistic Society The idealistic culture in The Handmaid?s Tale by Margaret Atwood is altogether different from what a great many people would think about an idealistic culture. The intensity of this general public rests upon a little level of the populace. In this general public, men are better than the ladies. Ladies have basically no rights or state in what goes on in their lives and ladies with rights are just a couple. This general public was made by an incredible rare sorts of people who had the option to oust the legislature by slaughtering the president and congress. These individuals at that point suspended everyone?s protected rights and utilized dread to prevent anybody or gathering from undermining their control. At that point they assumed responsibility for ladies by halting their privileges to possess property Women have little significance in this world but to serve men, have youngsters, or instruct new handmaids. Ladies are separated into various gatherings with specific ladies having more force than others. This book was composed to demonstrate individuals what it is to resemble when you are a resident o! f an authoritarian government. Margaret Atwood made this world to show individuals a couple of reasons. She needed to show how individuals may act on the off chance that they had no rights and had everything detracted from them. This is evident in light of the fact that the story is portrayed through the eyes and psyche of a handmaid, the individual with the least measure of rights. The handmaids in the story were the primary line of handmaids. The greater part of them had families, youngsters, possessions, and rights before they were changed over to handmaids. The book was additionally composed to show individuals what their lives may be if an authoritarian government is in power. In contrast to other authoritarian governments, religion is upheld by the state. Individuals who don't have confidence in the state supported religion are murdered. Additionally, certain researchers and specialists are murdered on the off chance that they practice premature births or utilize certain clinical strategies. Margaret Atwood is attempting to show individuals that this kind of government could be the following way in American culture if things proceed go a similar way they are! going. I feel that the time before the unrest isn't as terrible as it was delineated. There are not freak babies being conceived, atomic emergencies, or men having all out control of ladies. I don't believe that this general public would have the option to be initiated right now. In the twentieth century, such a significant number of individuals have attempted to get reasonable treatment in America and I don't imagine that these individuals would lounge around while their privileges are being detracted from them. Additionally different nations most likely would have stepped in with the goal that an extremist government would not be established. Margaret Atwood had the novel end the manner in which it accomplished for a couple of reasons. First to show that this legislature didn't succeed, similar to each other extremist government ever in presence. She likewise needed to show how different nations reacted to this new government. It additionally left you thinking about what had happened to Offred and in the event that she had the option to escape out of the nation. The Handmaid?s Tale is a novel attempting to show the chance and what an extremist government in America could resemble. Just a couple of influential individuals have rights. Ladies have the least measure of rights. Margaret Atwood is disclosing to us that if society all in all proceeds with the manner in which it is going, we are on a compressed lesson to the sort of society she has portrayed. Actually, I feel that the general public delineated would never occur in America and in the event that it was initiated that the individuals would revolt and bring back a law based government.

What It Means to be an American Essays

Being an American Essays Being an American Essay Being an American Essay Teacher Ellsworth American Government 8 September 2013 What It Means to Be An American If you studied one hundred individuals and asked them the inquiry What does it intend to be an American? Odds are you would find one hundred distinct solutions. There is no unmistakable obvious meaning of an American. To unravel this consuming inquiry, a great deal of data must be presented to people in general with respect to what is intends to speak to the United States as a resident of the nation. On the off chance that one really needs to recognize what being a genuine American epitomizes, at that point they should go to imits past their most profound contemplations possible to discover their answer. All through my very own encounters, I have presumed that nobody has a solid meaning of the word American. In all actuality the definition is changing each and every day. A great many people accept that being a genuine American incorporates being a legitimate resident of the United States, keeping the laws and enactment went before us by our establishing fathers, and putting stock throughout everyday life, freedom, and the quest for satisfaction. It could be said, indeed, this is a fair comprehension of the word. It every Just stable shallow and what an individual hopes to hear. Actually, I have an alternate interpretation of the word American. During the discussion it was drawn out into the open that having earlier information to current issues and monetary statuses should assume a job in being an American. This announcement truly made them gesture my head with fulfillment. As I referenced before, the definition is a long way from stable and is continually changing from everyday. In the event that the United States as a nation had a strong made permanent meaning of being a mourn American, at that point possibly this nation would be fit as a fiddle. The American populace without a doubt should be all around educated with our financial status of this country alongside numerous other smothering issues. The reality of the situation is that the United States is not, at this point a country of characteristic brought into the world American residents whose family names stayed here for one hundred or more years or more and the family unit is no longer reasonably the equivalent in many spots. Americas dominant part are individuals who moved here from different nations and became Americans inside the most recent fifteen years or something like that. Unfortunately, I accept a ton of family units are not as conventional and tranquil as they ought to be. I couldn't imagine anything better than to accept that America is a place that is known for daylight and rainbows, anyway I am not that credulous nor is the remainder of the nation. The bearing our extraordinary country is going in alarms me extraordinarily and I accept that a great deal of that has to do with ethics and qualities. To me being an American methods being assaulted by promotions and trademarks wherever you go. Regardless of whether you are in the solace of your own home or on an excursion, promotions are all over. Being an American methods purchasing $100 eans Just to be viewed as cool or well known at school. Being an American methods supporting the legislature and military in the entirety of their activities, whatever they might be, about what the news needs to state as opposed to what is really occurring around you in your very own life. Being an American methods adoring big names and expert competitors that, frequently, have no different Jobs other than being famous people and expert competitors. Being an American methods working the entire year to manage the cost of things you dont need. Being an American methods devouring mass measures of handled and atty nourishments, infrequently regularly supporting nearby agribusiness or essentially settling on solid food decisions. Being an American methods being at the most elevated danger of weapon savagery and coronary illness on the planet. Being an American methods continually debasing ladies on the grounds that the broad communications and music stars continually do it so we expect that it is ordinary or satisfactory. Nonetheless, a large portion of all, being an American methods being completely careless, unconscious of or aloof about, these issues and then some. You see my interpretation of being an American is consistent with the real world. I most definitely am not nothing up in the air pocket of being the perfect resident. I do keep all the laws and guidelines as well as could be expected and I am a characteristic conceived resident of the United States. Anyway that is such a beat down and destroyed meaning of an American. Truly, I feel that those qualities are so far away. Lets be coherent for a second. America is brimming with wrongdoing and individuals who were not conceived in our nation, however yet being an American is frequently characterized as observing the laws and guidelines and being a characteristic resident. Not well let you consider that announcement for a second or two.

Valuation of Nonlisted Companies in Emerging Markets Essay

Valuation of Nonlisted Companies in Emerging Markets - Essay Example Quick changes are occurring in the economies of these nations and they give an awesome ground to speculators to receive enormous rewards. When contrasted with the created world, the arrival on interest in these economies is higher and quicker, as the pace of industrialization and development in specialty divisions is fast. While we discuss speculation, we need to recognize interest in recorded organizations and non-recorded organizations in these rising economies. There is a distinction in the manner ventures and returns are made in recorded and non-recorded organizations. While recorded organizations are administered by rigid guidelines directed by the individual governments, non-recorded organizations appreciate a specific level of self-rule in their activities. There is a distinction in the valuations of these non recorded organizations when contrasted with the recorded organizations. It is essential to fundamentally analyze the valuations of these non-recorded organizations in developing markets, before a remote or even a residential financial specialist places in his capital. In the International Experts Meeting on Corporate Governance of non Listed Companies, held in Istanbul, Turkey on 19-29 April, 2005, countless arrangement producers, business pioneers and different specialists thought on the issues of corporate administration of non recorded organizations, in particular various proprietorships, sourcing of capital, straightforwardness necessities, proficient administration and the job of the approach creators in guaranteeing the previously mentioned factors. This gathering was composed by the OECD and had members from 36 countries1.The bunch presumed that there was a requirement for better corporate administration, meeting compliances, increment in size and capital furrowed in, straightforwardness and progressing in the direction of investors' advantage in non recorded organizations in the developing markets to help the economy which, in many case was reliant on the achievement of these family-claimed elements. In another investigation directed in Chile, it was discovered that for some situation, there is an irreconcilable circumstance among controlling and minority partners. Pyramids appear to be a compelling method of isolating money from controlling rights. This is a compelling route for monetary gatherings to practice command over gainful resources and to build up inward capital components that can make up for ineffectively created proper markets. Be that as it may, foundation of pyramids could be inconvenient to the market estimation of organizations and to the economy of the nation as well2. Research Process In the wake of assessing the accessible writing, it appears to be sensible to approach the examination procedure by embraced an investigation of non-recorded organizations in developing markets, the primary models being China, India, Russia, Brazil. This would speak to nearly most of the creating scene. An overall examination of organization possession, cost of capital, cost of assets, advertise valuations, proficient administration, corporate administration and prevalence on the nearby and global financial exchanges could be done. Two cases for every nation: one of a recorded organization and another of a non-recorded organization could be thought about and the conversations and results showed up at. An investigation of every nation's approaches in the territory of recorded and non-recorded organizations would likewise must be attempted, and the requirement for development/change in

Human Sexual Behavior - Free Essay Example

A guest speaker from Southwestern College was talking about sex. This is not about sex education; the speaker was talking about sexuality and violence. Theres different way of having sex which are Good Sex, Sloppy Sex, Bad Sex, Regretted Sex, and Sexual Violence. Sexual Violence does not belong in the continuum because it contains rape which is a choice. Rape is someone taking advantage of another person sexually. Sexual assault can be verbal, physical, visual, or anything that forces a person to join in unwanted sexual contact or attention. Unwelcome sexual behavior has been a serious problem in our society for many years. People need to focus more on this problem, because a lot of men still don’t take it seriously, it happens, because they don’t know the real definition of sexual harassment. Alcohol is often a contributing factor in sexual assault especially when people are drinking, they may be unintentionally increase their chances of being sexually assaulted, as alcohol dulls our senses and our judgment. A perpetrator may even buy a person drinks to make them an easier victim. May people believe that the college life should be known as party schools. Downsides to the heavy drinking/drug use on todays campuses, colleges are taking an increasingly dim view of excessive drinking or binge drinking which is a major public health issue. Also, this increases sexual assault crimes such as rape, date rape and deaths. Though, many cultures have other vocabulary words for men and women according to the before and after sex chart. It has always been an issue for men to accept that females like to have fun here and there as much as they do. When a man gets around with the ladies, he’s considered to be a ladies’ man or to be more like a Pimp. When females get around with guys she is called a â€Å"slut† or any trashy names. This is why man gets all the positive feedback while the women still gets all the negative feedbacks aft er getting laid or having sex.

Interview with MBA Student Vikas Menon of IMD

Here’s a talk with Vikas Menon, a soon-to-be graduate of IMD Switzerland. Vikas talks about his b-school experience, and offers some serious insight into the IMD MBA program. If you’re thinking about applying to IMD, then you’ll definitely want to read on! Thank you Vikas for sharing with us! This interview is the latest in an Accepted.com blog series featuring interviews with current MBA students, offering readers a behind-the-scenes look at top MBA programs. We hope to offer you a candid picture of student life, and what you should consider as you prepare your MBA application. Accepted: First, can you tell us a bit about yourself: Where are you from? Where and what did you study as an undergrad? What other degrees do you hold? Vikas: I am of Indian heritage but was born and brought up in Dubai, UAE and lived outside India all my life. I moved to the US in 2000  for my undergrad at Michigan State University (Go Green! Go White!!) and studied electrical and computer engineering. Third year into my undergrad, I realized that I didnt like engineering as much as I liked interacting with people but I also realized that I was passionate about technology. I completed my engineering coursework and my first job in the US was in Sales for a Software company in DC that allowed me to pursue my passion for technology while working with people. Accepted: Which other schools were you considering? What tipped the scales to favor IMD? Vikas: IESE, INSEAD, HEC and a few American universities. 1. Once you attend the one day assessment at IMD with 5-6 people from different nationalities, backgrounds, professional experiences, you realize how IMDs teaching style is truly based on Real WorldReal Learning – you learn just as much from your classmates as you do from your professors, and your classmates are mid-level to senior level managers from large global MNCs,  entrepreneurs, PHDs, scientists and people who have an average work experience of 7-8 years working in 2-3 countries. 2. Leadership at IMD I had always heard about IMDs leadership stream being one of the best in the world but I can tell you 6 months into the program, that IMDs leadership stream is not simply the best but is one of a kind. It challenges you to rethink who you are, your personality, and helps you discover not just the conscious parts of your personality and leadership but also the subconscious and helps you understand how people perceive you. This knowledge can really help you become a better leader, team player, communicator and motivator in a professional environment. 3. Small class size I meet my 90 classmates every day for almost 75% of the program. We sit in the same classroom, we eat together and we spend long long hours together. The bonds and connections that are formed from that level of interaction and intimacy are incredible. We are a small community of MBAs and alumni (even though our extended network is probably one of the biggest) however, based on my experience so far and during the application process last year, I can guarantee you that every MBA alumni or student would respond to any request of help in less than  48-72 hourssome would even welcome the opportunity to help you and meet you. My mentor and advisor since last year is an alumnus from the class of  2008! He not only helped me with the application process but also continues to be a good friend, mentor and advisor and this is the power of the IMD class size and tight-knit MBA community. Accepted: What do you think are some of the advantages of attending a one-year MBA program? Are there disadvantages? Vikas: The advantages – 1. Focus on general management. 2. The shorter duration obviously helps you get back to the real world sooner. 3. The intensity really helps you push yourself to the next level and challenges you every day and every minute. The disadvantages – 1. Lack of specialization If you are looking for a specific functional role/industry post-MBA that requires expertise in  Finance (for instance, VC, investment banking, etc), a one-year program might not help an individual with no background in those areas. 2. Intensity the intensity is great for some people but can be too much for others. Accepted: Whats your favorite thing about living in Switzerland? Do you plan on continuing to live and work in Europe after you receive your MBA? Vikas: Switzerland, specifically Lausanne is a very cool, calm and beautiful place.really facilitates and helps in the learning process. IMD is located on the lake and every day, I get to see the Swiss Alps and the lake on my way to school. Yes, I plan on continuing to work in Europe but probably in a bigger city (only because that’s my personal preference). Accepted: Can you recommend a nice coffee shop or other place thats good for hanging out and/or studying in Lausanne? Vikas: The good thing about IMD is that we are provided a 5-star hotel level lunch every day (included in the fees) throughout the year by a Michelin star chef and team! Coffee, tea, nespresso, hot chocolate, etc are all available whenever we want on campus..we barely ever use coffee shops because we are in the IMD dungeons most of the time :-). The campus is beautiful, dynamic, green and sophisticated-modern, so we barely find the need to find a coffee shopask me about a bar and that’s a different story :-). Accepted: What was the most challenging step for you in the MBA admissions process? How did you approach it and overcome it? Vikas: The one day assessment can be really challenging because it requires thorough preparation. As part of the one day assessment you have an impromptu case, a prepared case (they send a week before the assessment), admissions interview and lunch with a current student. Additionally, the 11+ essays in the application and the short word count really makes you think about your skills, achievements, weaknesses, personality, etc in very different light. For one-on-one guidance on your b-school application, please see our MBA Application Packages. For specific advice on how to create the best application for IMD, see our  IMD 2014 MBA Application Tips. // Accepted.com ~ Helping You Write Your Best

Biblical Eras Of Creation, The Patriarchs, And The Ketuvim

Referred to as â€Å"Tanak† by Jews, the Hebrew Bible contains twenty-four books characterized by three categories: The Torah, the Nevi’im, and the Ketuvim, which outline the history and beliefs of the Jewish faith. The Torah, commonly known as the â€Å"Law of Moses,† contains the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. These five narrative books cover the Biblical eras of creation, the patriarchs, and the exodus. In Genesis 1, God created everything from nothing at His will in six days and proclaimed all of it â€Å"good.† Humankind was created, Adam and Eve, in God’s image, and they lived in the pure garden of Eden. Sin is introduced to the world when a serpent convinces Eve, who subsequently convinces Adam, to eat from the the tree of good and evil, which God strictly forbade. God judged their sin, bans them from Eden, they went out in the world, and birthed sons Cain and Abel. After Cain killed Abel out of jealousy, God a gain judged sin by cursing Cain, but exemplified forgiveness in Genesis 6 through his promise to curse whoever tried to hurt him. Generations later, descendant of Adam, Noah, is introduced, as well as his wife Naamah and their sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth. In Genesis 6, God decided to start over, but saved Noah, his family, and animals, by telling Noah to build an ark to endure the great flood. Noah fulfilled God’s orders and built an alter to Him after the flood seceded, but his descendants prove the corruptness of humankind yet again and God

The 3 Basic But Distinct Fish Groups

Civil Rights A Controversial Topic Across All Walks Of...

Civil Rights Assignment Since the turn of the twentieth century, civil rights has been a controversial topic across all walks of humanity. During the nineteen hundred’s, women’s suffrage movement had taken place; later, from the nineteen thirties until the nineteen sixties, African Americans pushed the United States government to produce and enact their civil rights laws; today, rights for people of a sexual or gender orientation other than cisgender straight are being fought for. Two organizations that are still dedicated to current civil rights would be GLAAD and NOW – National Organization for Women. If one were to compare both GLAAD and NOW in terms of the causes they are fighting for and their history, both fight for the fairness the LGBT community, equality, and against violence; however, GLAAD is pushing for faith and acceptance, immigration, and marriage and family protection, while NOW is pressing the United States government for reproductive rights an d justice, economic justice, and racial justice for women. Primarily, today’s civil rights movement is the right for marriage in the LGBT community, and the largest advocate for this movement would be GLAAD, who is taking initiative behind numerous legal battles, as well as other portrayals of activism, for the LGBT community. According to GLAAD’s website, they are a taskforce that mainly works with the media to confront inflexible issues, in order to mold and incite conversations that modify society (â€Å"AboutShow MoreRelatedCensorship Research Paper4391 Words   |  18 PagesWar on Censorship After being assigned a school project, a young high school student walks into the library with plans on researching about his topic before starting. It’s a biology project about the mating rituals of animals, which was a topic that struck his interest. So he boots up the computer, signs in, and starts surfing the web and different search engines for his topic. Every site he clicks on, however, has been blocked. Anything having to do with mating and breeding has been censored byRead MoreWho Prays For Satan?2657 Words   |  11 Pages â€Å"But who prays for Satan? 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No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill CompaniesRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 PagesWith Analysis by the Staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School Newspaper ST. MARTIN’S GRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. For-information, address St. Martins Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. www.stmartins.com Library of Congress Cataloging...in..Publication Data 65 successful Harvard Business -School

A Interview On Management Related Competencies And...

The purpose of the interview is to gain knowledge and experience in management related competencies and personal management styles from the manager who is in the workplace, specifically, in the healthcare management position. Because there are many challenges that the managers are now facing, especially in the healthcare organizations such as limited resources, complex, specialized and more diverse teams, and the rise of a highly competitive environment, it’s my pleasure to meet one of the most powerful management personnel in the area of the diverse population group. Therefore, I challenged my in-class experiences by visiting the manager at Center of African-American Health and gained one-step-move on hand knowledge based experience†¦show more content†¦Finally, in 2005, BCI focused working on solely African-American health disparities and officially changed its name to the Center of African-American Health The Center for African-American Health (CAAH) is a community-based, not-for-profit organization located at 3601 Martin Luther King Blvd, Denver, CO 80205. The CAAH serves African-American community in the greater metropolitan Denver area where more than 2.5 million people reside. African-American account 11 percent of the total population in greater metropolitan Denver. It has 30 employees, including the manager, and 13 board members. The center serves this community in preventing and disease management programs paying attention to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, and diabetes. Besides disease prevention and management program, the center provides a wellness program for senior communities and health literacy training. While providing disease prevention and management program, as well as providing wellness program and literacy training, the CAAH, develops and provides culturally appropriate community service programs. Th e center also cohorts with an extensive variety of other health organizations. Not only, the center provides in-services programs but also devoted serving as an advocate organization for the

Guide Lines for Speeches free essay sample

This semester you will be evaluating fellow classmates speeches and offering feedback as part of your graded assignments. This is a valuable tool to learn and better your public speaking skills. By observing others speeches, you can learn a great deal for your own speeches, but also offer suggestions to other speakers so that they can continue to develop their skills. The goal of peer evaluations Is to provide constructive crystals so that fellow classmates can continue to Improve their skills by offering positive and helpful comments.In order to create a positive and helpful learning environment, students should observe the guidelines below when posting comments. Please note that peer evaluations that are considered rude or disrespectful towards a fellow classmate will receive no credit. Peer Evaluations: some Dos 1. Do treat the speaker with courtesy and respect. 2. Do comment on the performance, not the person. 3. Do aim for balance and completeness in pointing out strengths and problem areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Guide Lines for Speeches or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4. Do comment on specific examples of strengths and problem areas.Dont be vague. 5. Do aim to help the speaker see how to improve future work 6. Dont make vague, global comments. 7. Always point out strengths as well as elements that need more work. 8. Make comments in spirit of helpfulness. Take comments in spirit of helpfulness Examples of positive and constructive comments vs. less helpful comments: The preview In the introduction was very clear and helped set up the speech before you began; however the attention getter was missing because you immediately began by stating your epic and it felt rushed. (helpful) The introduction was missing steps. (less helpful) Gestures could have been improved in the first half of the speech. By removing her hands from the lectern, she could more easily make natural gestures (helpful) Weak gestures (less helpful) When the speech moved from the second point to the third point, I got a little lost because there was no clear transition between the two. (helpful) You missed transitions (less helpful)

Shoppers Stop free essay sample

As mentioned in the earlier report, Shoppers’ Stop is a chain of retail stores in India owned by K. Raheja Corp. It was established in 1991 and is presently spread across the nation. Shoppers’ Stop is considered as one stop multi-brand retail outlet providing leading international and national brands in clothing for men, women and kids, accessories, cosmetics, footwear and home furnishing. Independent store| In the earlier report, we came to a conclusion that even though Shopper’s Stop as a brand is very sociable, it needs to pick up momentum. While, they are very active on social networks like Facebook and Twitter, they need to pick up the pace on LinkedIn, on blogs and also Orkut. The recommendation pointed out the earlier report were that Shopper’s Stop needs to get more active on networks such as LinkedIn, YouTube and also on blogs since their target audience is more connected these networks. India, as a country is not as advanced with respect to social media. Some reports read that as per 2011, the most popular social networks in India are (in order of popularity): 1) Facebook 2) LinkedIn 3) Orkut (See Appendix 1. 1) Now, as we can see, Shopper’s Stop has successfully managed to tap two of the most widely used networks in India – Facebook and Orkut. It still needs to build itself and its network on LinkedIn and also on blogs since majority of the youth in India is now getting hooked to the blogging culture. Problem Statement Shopper’s Stop as a brand, is not very active on social networks which are very popular in the Indian market today. To make presence felt on networks like Facebook, Twitter on blogs and social media in general * To do interactive projects with different target group through the medium of social media * To make the Shopper’s Stop staff more efficient in dealing with customers and more aware of their presence on social media networks Audience identification and messages Shopper’s Stop should selectively identify its audience since they are promoting themselves online. They should target the net savvy generation and also people who run most of their businesses online. Strategies The strategy that Shopper’s Stop should use to build their image and name should be an Interactive strategy which will involve their publics to help them head off their problems. * Regular updates on Facebook and Twitter: * Shoppers Stop gets active on Facebook and Twitter only when they have offers, sales, discounts, etc. They should start posting randomly on Facebook and Twitter. They should start discussing some topics on Twitter, using a hash tag for identity and should regularly follow what their followers have to say and also regularly pitch into the conversations following those hash tags. On Facebook, they should not only put up posts about their offers and discounts; they should put up pictures of the kind of clothes that are currently on sale and they could also have hyper-links on those pictures which will take the viewer directly to the online shopping website if they like that particular clothing range. This might help changing the perception that people have about Shopper’s Stop not being a â€Å"net savvy brand†. * More offers: * As already noted in the weaknesses above, Shopper’s Stop does not run many offers. They run offers only during occasions like Diwali or Independence Day. I think they should run more offers like – discounts on women wear for Mother’s Day and the same with men’s clothing and kid’s clothing on Father’s Day and Children’s Day respectively, etc. This will help them not only hike their sales, but it will also help them increase interaction with their customers online once they start talking about such regular offers regularly on the social circuit. * Advertise on various websites: * Shopper’s Stop should tie up with website that their different target group frequent and should and try and advertise on such sites. For example, to attract children to their ‘Kids collection’ they should put up advertisements on website which allow kids to play to games; to attract the attention of the teenagers, Shopper’s Stop should target social networking sites and promote themselves there by putting up advertisements there, etc. By this, they will be in constant view of the public which will help them better their social presence. Another benefit that Shopper’s Stop can derive from this is the revenue they will make every time someone clicks on the advertisement. Shopper’s Stop is not completely out of the blogging world. They blog regularly about their stocks, shares, market fluctuations, etc. But this attracts only investors and not customers as such. Blogs is the best way to attract youth to your products since today’s youth is easily influenced by bloggers. Shoppers Stop has their maximum buyers between the age of 26 and 30 (See Appendix 1. 2). Youngsters from this age group are very net savvy and are very active on blogs. Shopper’s Stop should start blogging not only about their stocks and shares but also about their products, services, brands they sell, price ranges, etc. They should publicise about their blogs on Facebook and Twitter which will bring them to the notice of their customers. * Staff efficiency: * In the earlier report, we pointed out that Shopper’s Stop does not respond to any negative feedback posted either on their website or on their Facebook page. This builds a negative reputation for the company in the eyes of its public because the public feels neglected. Shopper’s Stop should appoint someone from the communications team to monitor these feedbacks and send out suitable response. However, if any of these feedbacks seem like they are serious and could be blown out of proportion, the senior management should be contacted immediately. With regards to negative feedbacks, it always works in favour of the company to be proactive than be inactive. Communication tactics Shopper’s Stop should rely on networks like Facebook, Twitter, Blogs, Google, etc as a tool for communication with its audience. Different networks have a somewhat different genre of people on it.

Why Is Listening the Most Difficult English Skill to Master free essay sample

There are different ways to listen a person beech, but are all the ways correct or are wrong? Perhaps this topic doesnt have a correct or a wrong way to be developed, because every person have their own listening strategies to understand what others want to tell them. The challenges that every person have when listening are: 1. New vocabulary: because If you dont know a word that someone tell you, and you cant relate It with another one, you get stuck, and you lose the rest of the Idea because you stop talking about that NEW word. . Accents dialects: theres a lot of difference speaking with a person of your same entry, than speaking with a foreign person, why? , its so simple, because they have different accent or dialect, so they pronounce a lot different the words, so if they are saying a simple sentence, it becomes a difficult one, cause you wont understand them quite well and there will be some troubles with the communication. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Is Listening the Most Difficult English Skill to Master? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3.Speech speed: theres a lot of difference between a person that speaks slow, than other one that speaks fast, even if you are used to listen a lot, its difficult to have a conversation with a person that speaks really fast. There are a lot of challenges that a person have when listening, but also there are a lot of strategies to understand better and get all the idea that the other person want to transmit like: 1. Repeat: always there will be an idea that you wont understand, so is important that if you dont get one thing, ask if they can repeat, so you can clarify that idea and understand the whole idea that was exposed. . Read first: is always smart to read before the speech begins, if you know about the topic that will be exposed, it will be easier to understand it. . Pay Attention: it is always important that if you are listening, you have to put attention to the speaker, but there will be moments that you will have to put all of your attention In the speech, like in the introduction and in the conclusion, to get the idea of what they are talking about.What I have wrote is only a little part of some challenges and strategies about listening that we will encounter In our life, personally I always have to put attention to what they are speaking, so I can get the Idea and also I have to now something before the speech, so I can relate what the speaker Is telling us, to what I have read, so is easier to get the Idea and understand better, there are a lot of strategies to Improve the listening skill, so what Is your strategy? The most used, is the easiest of all. For example, a person living in the Unit ed States dont speak like one living in Europe, why? Because in every country there are different idioms that people speak, so why people from different countries, that speak English, dont understand between them well? The answer is because they listen in a speech, but are all the ways correct or are wrong? Perhaps this topic doesnt have a every person have when listening are: 1. New vocabulary: because if you dont know a word that someone tell you, and you cant relate it with another one, you get stuck, and you lose the rest of the idea because you stop thinking about that NEW word. 2.Accents / dialects: theres a lot of difference speaking with a person of your same an idea that you wont understand, so is important that if you dont get one thing, ask n the speech, like in the introduction and in the conclusion, to get the idea of what strategies about listening that we will encounter in our life, personally I always have to put attention to what they are speaking, so I can get the idea and also I have to know something before the speech, so I can relate what the speaker is telling us, to what I have read, so is easier to get the idea and understand better, there are a lot of strategies to improve the listening skill, so what is your strategy?

How to Write a Sample Essay of Toulmin Argument

How to Write a Sample Essay of Toulmin ArgumentSample essays are also referred to as 'Exam papers' because in this format, you are required to write an essay that is similar to an essay of Toulon. The essay you will be required to write in the course will be a written report of your learning experiences and you will be given two pages to write your opinion on the topic.The topic for this exam is Toulmin's paradox, which may sound difficult but actually isn't because it has been explained in other steps and examples. The source of the article is Michael Houlton's book, 'Toum.com' and that's where you need to look if you want to learn more about this.In order to succeed in completing this exam, you should first prepare yourself well about the subject matter by finding out the definition of the term 'Toulam'. This term is based on the Italian and French words 'toulle' which means to affect, to move, to grow and by adding the suffix -I, it becomes 'toullimi' which is then translated to ' Toulam's paradox'.Many people may find it hard to understand that the answer in popular history is Toulam's paradox, yet you can just refer to the online source for further clarification. The website of Toulam, an Italian philosopher, holds a section that describes the paradox and it explains the effect of gravity. This is how the concept of gravity will affect your decision when deciding whether to jump off a cliff or if it would be better to take a nap instead.According to the philosophy of Toulam, it is one's life that has grown old and its knowledge itself will die away when it reaches the end of life. The study of the fact that the growth of the knowledge, intelligence and intellect of a person cannot surpass the effects of gravity on the growth of the knowledge, intelligence and intellect of a person.Another concept that you have to take note of when preparing for this exam is the fact that gravity has an effect on every single thing in the universe including plants, animals, people and even planets. Thus, according to Toullim, each thing in this universe is influenced by gravity and the effects of gravity are not able to stop because of its limits.The concepts of gravity, the effect of gravity, the concept of the universe and many other concepts that might be discussed by the author of the book 'Toullim' will be a part of your sample essay of toulmin argument. It is important that you look into the said website of the author before doing the assignment because the thesis of the book also deals with the notions of gravity and what it has to do with every single thing in the universe.One last thing you have to remember when taking a sample essay of toulmin argument is that you have to put your reasoning on paper first. This will allow you to see what exactly you wrote on paper and also give you a chance to check how well you are writing your essay before you actually submit it.

general motors essays

general motors essays "The company's main competitors in cars and trucks in the United States and Canada are the Ford Motor Company, DaimlerChrysler Corporation, Toyota Corporation, Nissan Motor Corporation, Ltd., Honda Motor Company, Ltd., Mazda Motor Corporation, Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, Volkswagen A.G., Hyundai Motor Company, Ltd., Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW), Volvo AB, and Kia Motors Corporation."(www.gm.com) John Smith, Jr., has been the overseer of GM's operations since he came to the company in January 1996. Smith deals with business relationships with GM's associates. G Wagoner Jr. became president and CEO of GM in June of 2000. He is currently on the board of directors. Wagoner so far has been a great leader for GM. He is chairman of the automotive strategy board. Harry J. Pearce is an African American who is also the director of the General Motors Corporation Board of Directors and vice chairman of the corporation since Jan. 1, 1996.(www.yahoo.com) The fifty-four day strike in 1998 in Flint Michigan by the United Auto Workers against GM is probably one of the most notable strikes in the history of the united states. Over this time period, much money was lost. In the end, there seemed to be no winners from the strike. The worker union lost more than $150 million during the strike and GM lost about $75 million a day! That doesn't include what GM lost in the minds of all their consumers.(Encarta, Unions) However, today, GM seems to have developed a trustworthy relationship with their consumers which is vital towards their success in the future. General Motors has always made it a top priority to be environmentally sound in it production of automobiles. Each car has low emission standards and GM makes it a point to reduce the standards every year. There have been no major lawsuits filed against the company over their production methods making GM one of the most environmentally sound major corporations ever. ...

A study of the negative impact of piracy on the economy and society at large

A study of the negative impact of piracy on the economy and society at large Intellectual piracy that’s common in the streets of New York has originated itself in China. From electronics such as phones and laptops to luxury brand names such as Gucci and Dolce Gabbana, intellectual piracy has become a serious problem within China, with its wings spreading to Chinatown in New York City. The video Intellectual Piracy in China discusses the high amount of piracy that derives from China; it goes into how fake things take over most of the market within China, and gives the specific example of fake Viagra within China which could result in deadly situations as the fake versions of the pill are being made with chemicals that could be dangerous for human use. The case Coping with Piracy in China touches on similar subjects as the video, and mainly focuses on counterfeit Apple products offered by China. According to the case article, there were at least five self-branded Apple stores within only one city of China (â€Å"Coping with Piracy in China†, n.d. ) However, the case article emphasizes how the counterfeit market in China could be actually benefiting Apple as a company rather than otherwise. This paper will analyze what the video and the case study regarding intellectual piracy in China are focusing on by examining the content of the video and case study and explaining my opinion with the findings made, and the reasons as to why I agree with the video’s findings, while I disagree with the case study’s findings. According to the case article, the self-branded Apple stores within China have some of the most heavily trafficked Apple stores in the world (â€Å"Coping with Piracy in China,† n.d.). Tourists in China can easily come across any of these self-branded stores and purchase knock off Apple products for themselves for only a small percentage of the actual cost of the actual product. Although hundreds of patent lawyers and investigators are after these self-branded items and the stores and people behind it, Apple has yet to comment on the whole situations, and the case study believes that rather than doing harm to the company, these self-made Apple brands are actually promoting the Apple brand for free, and is seen as beneficial for Apple (â€Å"Coping with Piracy in China,† n.d.). The self-branded Apple stores are providing a pathway for the actual Apple company to promote themselves to an enormous market, China’s market, at absolutely no cost to them. Unfortunately, I don’t agree with the findings made within the conclusion of the case study. I find it controversial that the case study explicitly states how enormous the market for fake stuff within China are, but also gives off the implication that this is actually beneficial for Apple. Even though Apple’s brand is being promoted at no cost to them, their own products are not the ones being sold. Apple is already an international company that has one of the largest customer bases, and it doesn’t need the unnecessary promotion of a company copying their brand to have a beneficial outcome within their own company. Furthermore, the case study specifies this has benefits for the Apple company, but the Apple company itself speaks of how â€Å"more than $11 billion is lost to piracy every year† (â€Å"Piracy Prevention,† n.d.) In their website, Apple mostly focuses on software piracy, but nonetheless it goes on to show that they are negatively affecte d by piracy either way. Software piracy still falls under intellectual piracy, ideas are still being stolen and being profited off of. Thus, it’s misleading for the case study to imply that benefits of such an occurrence could take place. However, I do agree with one point that was made here. It’s weird that patent lawyers and investigators are unable to find these people faking brands when a tourist can easily walk within a street, and buy a knock off product right away. It seems that the global efforts for wiping intellectual piracy out of the way aren’t truly taking place. The video, on the other hand, brings to light a much more realistic version of how piracy has an impact on the economy of United States as well as how it impacts specific companies that are being copied off of. Patent lawyers and intellectual piracy experts talk within the video and give their opinions, and they’re also shown to be shopping on the streets of New York, within Chinatown, where intellectual piracy is a substantial issue. Some of these experts talk about the gravity of these issues, and how it could be deadly in the long run. They give the hypothetical scenarios of one flying on a plane that has counterfeit parts, or having to drive a cart with fake parts (PBS NewsHour, 2014). The example the video mainly focused on was that of Viagra. Viagra is widely used within China, even for purposes it’s not meant to be used for; for example, Viagra is given to pandas within zoos in China to always keep them excited and energized. Due to the huge market of Viagra wit hin China, there has been those who have even faked Viagra pills (PBS NewsHour, 2014). The creation of these Viagra pills includes the use of dangerous chemicals that shouldn’t be consumed by humans, and the pills are created overall in horrible conditions. It’s unethical and immoral that some people are determined strictly on making earnings in ways that put others’ lives at risk. The conclusion of the video emphasizes how no matter what intellectual piracy is illegal, frowned upon, and most importantly, negatively impacts businesses and individuals. I completely agree with the video’s findings, and I understand their point more thoroughly through their clever examples. At the end of the day, behind each brand, each product, and each idea is a person that truly worked hard to create it, and put all their innovation and originality in it to create something that hasn’t been seen before. People who copy their ideas and sell it as if they are originals are literally stealing the hard work those people and companies have done. Most importantly, when it comes to counterfeit medicine and pills, like the trend of the counterfeit Viagra within China, people’s lives are at risk since unknown chemicals are being used, safety measures aren’t being taken, and overall the pill is being generated in unsanitary and harmful conditions. As can be seen, intellectual piracy is a problem that needs to be addressed not only in China, but also within United States as well. Although there are claims that intellectual piracy could benefit some, one needs to look at the consequences and realities that comes along with intellectual piracy to see that this is not the truth.

Analyze a recent (last 12 months) business article Research Paper - 1

Analyze a recent (last 12 months) business article - Research Paper Example As pertains to this assignment, focus shall be on an article published by The Wall Street Journal. The article highlights how companies are cushioning themselves against paralyzing incidences such as natural disasters to ensure continuity of business while keeping the bottom line ‘protected’. The writer has included viewpoints from CEOs/CFOs of a few global companies and their take on the importance of reinforcing the supply chain. The article stems from the fact that multinational companies have had to incur enormous expenses because of natural disasters. This has been after a long history of establishing cost-moderated links. The awareness on a need to strengthen the supply chain arises from the earthquake that hit Japan in 2011. This is because the earthquake led to a shortage of electronic and car parts; forcing companies to think up other sources. This led to exposing the vulnerability of the supply chain but the next action is still a matter of great deliberation as establishing dual sources is seen to affect the bottom line of companies largely (Murphy). Moreover, because the supply chain of most multinational companies is disciplined, some CEOs find it hard to establish new links. This implies that the next logical thing would be to push the suppliers to ensure their own supply chains are sustainable in the event of natural disasters and other paralyzing risks. For example, Jabali Circuit a manufacturer of electronic parts, advised its suppliers in Japan to consider de-clustering their factories that is, not having them close to the factories. This guarantees that companies can still rely on their regular supply links when a natural disaster occurs (Murphy). However, de-clustering would force the suppliers to incur huge costs in terms of setting up and streamlining new networks of operation. Nevertheless, this increment in expenditure is minimal considering

Music's importance in Japanese History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Music's importance in Japanese History - Essay Example Music has a great significance in the Japanese history because has helped keep the historic moments about the state of Japan. The message in these songs is all about Japan and is considered to be informative and preservative as while. This is through various songs that are considered more important for their contents. These songs talk about how Japan came up, and they create attention of many when sang. The prehistoric songs impacted positively in the history of Japan because they are the first chronicles of the new state. These songs also became the tradition of imperial counts.Many musical and poetic verses and images have influenced the development of modern music and have been incorporated in the present music styles; this gives a reflection of the history of Japan. The musical and poetic verses and images keep the past about the state in details and recurrences in their use helps in transferring of the historic moments of the country from one generation to another. This helps in historical socialization of individuals who are born in Japan.Music helps express the past activities of the state of Japan. It was central in the prose work in the ancient Japan. This was through the dances that rose by the influence of music tones and rhythm. The dances of Gagaku, flute, koto and biwa lute run through the background of the classical novel which gave the story of Genji Monogatari which was based on a great lover in the imperial. This shows that music led to those dances that passed information in a different context.

Pro-Choice vs. Pro-Life: No Correct Answer Essay -- Abortion, Argument

Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy before birth; it causes the termination of the embryo or fetus inside the women. There are two different types of abortion, a spontaneous abortion, which is also known as a miscarriage, and an induced abortion, where the embryo or fetus is purposely removed from the women’s body. The topic of induced abortion has been widely debated for hundreds of years. The issue of abortion was argued way back in the time of the ancient Hebrews. In the United States it became illegal around the mid 1800’s and not until the 1960’s was the argument for the right to abort brought back to the table. In 1973, the Supreme Court case â€Å"Roe vs. Wade† made abortion legal. The case stated that abortion was legal in the first trimester (three months) of pregnancy (O’Brien par. 17). Since that day over 30 years ago, there have been many cases in which abortion has been disputed. Congress has passed many laws restricting abort ion rights, including in cases such as Webster vs. Reproductive Health Services and Stenberg v. Carhart (O’Brien par. 18). There are many other cases like these and each time is seems more likely that a woman’s right to choose could be overturned (â€Å"Reproductive Rights† 26). There are many different ranges of beliefs about the morality of abortion, whether or not one should have an abortion, and under what conditions the termination of pregnancy is acceptable. Many argue at what point in the process of pregnancy a human person comes into existence. People disagree about whether anything from an ovum to a fetus is a form of human life. No person knows this information, but it is debated among the two major sides on this issue. The first side are those that believe abortion should be forb... ...e right path to choose, if in fact I would become pregnant at this age. I feel that I should have the right to decide freely and responsibly when and whether I have a child. I feel very strongly about this issue, and because of that I am very biased to the arguments that the pro-life groups make. Neither argument is right or wrong, but I feel that the pro-choice side presents their arguments in a better manner. The pro-choice gives arguments such as legal abortion eliminates many of the illegal abortions that used to take place, where pro-life presents arguments like, abortion is murder. They don’t give examples of how abortion is harming the world, other than reasons of value. They also present less arguments than the pro-choice groups do. Abortion is an issue that lacks objectivity and is more of a decision of ethics. There is no right or wrong answer.

Accounting Principles and Health Care Essay

There are no formal accounting principles that apply to health care. However, there are five generally accepted guiding principles used in the management of the financial aspects of health care management (Cleverly, Song & Cleverly, 2011). Understanding the five guiding principles are important in understanding financial information and managerial accounting and how the principles relate to health care (Cleverly et. al. ). The five principles include, accounting entity, money measurement, duality, cost valuation, and stable monetary unit. Each principle and how it relates to health care is discussed in the following (Cleverly et. al. ). Accounting Entity An accounting entity is the business or corporation that performs clear economic activities, separate from any personal economic endeavors (Accounting Tools, 2010). An accounting entity requires financial records that define financial activities (Cleverly et. al. ). In health care, accounting entities can be hospitals, clinics, or other entities that are part of a larger corporation. See more: Social process essay Accounting is geared to measure and report the financial activities of the entities under consideration. Money Measurement Money Measurement is very simply, a way to keep count and records of the incoming and outgoing revenue of the accounting entity. This is not an easy task and involves consideration of various issues (Cleverly et. al. ). Resources and liabilities have to be considered and calculated to determine accurate money measurement. Resources are also referred to as assets. Scarce resources are things, supplies, money, and other things or resources that are needed by the company in order to generate money. These resources are limited and necessary to the entities operation (Cleverly et. al. ). This may include nursing staff for heath care organizations. Other scarce resources for health care organizations may include buildings, many different kinds of medical supplies, medications, and other supplies to care for patients and maintain the organization. Assets are the resources that the organization has and the money generated. Liabilities are resources that are owed for services, supplies and other things that the organization has acquired. The ideal goal of any business is for the assets to be greater than the liabilities (Cleverly et. al. ). Duality Duality is a simple mathematical equation or rather, it seems simple. The equation states, â€Å"The value of assets must always equal the combined value of liabilities and residual interest, which we have called net assets. † (Cleverly et. al. pg. 185 para. 1) This requires balancing reports about changes in either side of the equation. In health care, for instance, changes such as buying supplies, receiving payment for services, or paying the electric bill are all transactions that require balancing the books, so to speak, so that the equation is still equal. Cost Valuation Cost Valuation can be defined as choosing the right price for services, supplies and other things of value (Hutton, 2005). Choosing the right price may be based on the history of what the entity has paid that is reflected by money measurement or may be based on other measures of what a cost should be (Cleverly et. al. . Market value is a way to assess a cost value. This seems to be favorite way with many organizations. This method is not considered objective, however and can provide different opinions on what an item is worth, making costing difficult (Cleverly et. al. ). Replacement value is another way of choosing the right price. This gives the cost of how much money it would take to replace an item or service (Cleverly et. al. ). In health care for instance, when costing an expensive piece of medical equipment, replacement value makes more sense than market value. The organization may receive different quotes on market value but replacement value should be more consistent and reliable. Stable Monetary Unit The stable money unit is our country is the dollar. The dollar is used in money measurement and other principles that have money values attached. The dollar is always the dollar but the value can change based on the economy and inflation (Cleverly et. al. ). An example of how this might impact health care is, suppose the organization, based on replacement value, has allotted a certain amount of money to purchase an expensive medical devise. Before the purchase has been made, the dollar decreases in value or is unavailable and has to be imported. The value of the dollar has changed; the country from which the item is imported from may have experienced a decrease in the value of the United States Dollar. The dollar is still a stable monetary unit though there may be fluctuations due to inflation or other events. Conclusion There are no specific hard rules that govern accounting; the five guiding principles of accounting are used to help organizations keep track of the entity’s assets and liabilities.  The principles are not perfect but serve as a guide to costing and money measurement. The stable money unit in our country is the dollar. The dollar may experience fluctuations in value but is still considered stable and how the United States measure and pay for any expenses. The five principles seem simple and as one looks into each principle further, it is noted that there are complexities and problems that must remain in the forefront of the accountant’s mind when keeping up with the financial end of any organization.

Religion Dissertations - Scientologists Scientology Church - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3957 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Introduction The Church of Scientology has been recognized as a cult by critics. William Sims Bainbridge of The University of Washington states that Scientology is one of the largest and most influential cults. Jon Atack and Joe Larabell, former Scientologists, agree that the Church is involved in disgraceful, immoral, and criminal activities. However, my objective for this ethnographic research is not to disprove the teachings of The Church of Scientology. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Religion Dissertations Scientologists Scientology Church" essay for you Create order I am interested in how their beliefs and attitudes have evolved and developed when faced with criticism. My main research was conducted in The Church of Scientology in Austin and the Mission of San Antonio. Although I only had a chance to sit down and talk with three Scientologists, I obtained valuable information about their former lifestyle, why they converted, and their reactions to some questions they probably werent expecting. Background To begin to explore and understand the realm of Scientology, one has to know the basic philosophy and principles of the organization. How much do we really know? How have we substantially increased our understanding of those adherents who call themselves Scientologists? The word Scientology comes from the Latin word scio, meaning know and the Greek word logos, meaning the word or outward form by which the inward thought is expressed and made known. Thus, Scientology means knowing about knowing. According to www.scientology.org, Scientology is the study and handling of the spirit in relationship to itself, others and all of life an individual discovers for himself that Scientology works by personally applying its principles and observing or experiencing results. Scientology follows three main principles. The first principle states that Man is an immortal spiritual being. The second principle states that Mans experience extends well beyond a single lifetime. The third principle states that Mans capabilities are unlimited, even if not presently realized. Who created Scientology? Scientology was initially created by American speculative fiction author Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13, 1911 January 24, 1986), better known as L. Ron Hubbard. Hubbard developed Scientologys teachings in 1952 as a successor to his earlier self-help system, Dianetics. Dianetics is a set of ideas and practices regarding the relationship between the spirit, mind and body. According to Hubbard, mental and psychosomatic physical problems are caused by traumatic recordings called engrams that are stored in the reactive mind. The goal of Dianetics is to erase the engrams in the reactive mind to achieve the state of Clear. Once Clear is achieved an individual is able to function at his or her full potential. Hubbard later began to characterize Scientologys beliefs and practices as a religion in 1953. According to the Church, the ultimate goal is to achieve a civilization without insanity, without criminals and without war, where the able can prosper and honest beings can have rights, and where man is free to rise to greater heights (Hubbard). Today, the teachings of Scientology are composed of 18 basic books and 3,000 recorded lectures. There is no single Scientology book that is equivalent to the Bible or the Quran, but the study of Scientology is achieved through the chronological study of its basic books and lectures. The Church has an official membership system, the International Association of Scientologists, but IAS membership is not what the Church means by member. Scientology adherents worldwide vary considerably. In 2005, Scientology stated its worldwide membership at eight million people, and that number included people who only took the introductory course and didnt continue. In 2007, the Church claimed 3.5 million members in the United States (Collison). Religious scholar J. Gordon Melton has said that the churchs estimates of its membership numbers are exaggerated (Jarvik). Controversy Since its inception, the Church of Scientology has been engulfed in controversy. Criminal allegations have been made by journalists, courts, and governmental bodies of several countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Germany. They all claim that the Church of Scientology is an unscrupulous commercial enterprise that harasses its critics and brutally exploits its members (Leiby). Germany categorizes Scientology as a business, rather than a religious organization, and has even gone so far as to consider a ban on Scientology. Belgium, France, Ireland, Luxembourg and the United Kingdom have not recognized Scientology as a religion. Scientology has also not been recognized as a religion in Israel or Mexico. A recent judicial investigation in Belgium is now in the process of prosecuting Scientology. The Church of Scientology is alleged to have been involved in criminal operations and enforced policies to protect the church (Behar). In 1976, the Church of Scientology allegedly enforced Operation Freakout. This operation was intended to attack Paulette Cooper, author of her book The Scandal of Scientology. The plan was to have Cooper incarcerated in a mental institution or jail or at least to hit her so hard that she drops her attacks (Hubbard). In 1978, another operation called Operation Snow White was allegedly enforced by Hubbard. Hubbard ordered a group of his followers to infiltrate government agencies, including the IRS, in order to find out personal information about Scientologys critics, remove false incriminating information about the Church from the records, and get tax exception status for the Church. However, eleven high ranking Scientologists, including Hubbards wife, Mary Sue, were charged, indicted, and jailed. They were convicted of breaking into the IRS, stealing documents, and tapping phones (Atack). Another controversy revolves around the death of former Scientologist Lisa McPherson. According to a website devoted to McPherson, she joined the Church of Scientology in 1977. During the 1980s she spent thousands of dollars per year on audits and self improvement courses. In November 18, 1995, McPherson had a minor traffic accident in Clearwater, Florida. She was uninjured, but she was mentally unstable as she got out of her car, shouting and ripping her clothes off. As a precaution, the medics took her to a nearby hospital for any injuries that might have occurred, and was seen by a psychiatrist. That same day, Scientologists appeared at the hospital and took McPherson away into their own care. She was transferred to Scientologys Fort Harrison Hotel where she was held in solitary confinement. She was billed $240 for a cassette tape series she was ordered to listen to while confined. After seventeen days, on December 5, 1995, McPherson was finally transported to a hospital. It would have made sense if the Scientologists had driven 1.1 miles to Morton Plant Hospital, but instead they took her to a hospital that was 24 miles away to Columbia New Port Rickey Hospital since it had a Scientologist doctor on staff. When McPherson finally arrived to the hospital, she was immediately pronounced dead. McPherson was underweight, severely dehydrated, and had several cockroach bites all over her body. Its a sad ending since she spent between $50,000 to $100,000 on self improvement courses and auditing in the two years prior to her death. At the time of her death she had a total of $151 in all of her bank accounts. (Jacobsen). Church of Scientology in San Antonio After obtaining sufficient background information for my questionnaire, I was ready to start my field research. My first visit was the Church of Scientology in San Antonio. Before I decided to go to San Antonio, I had strange instances regarding the authenticity of the Church in San Antonio. When I went to the main Scientology website, I discovered that there was a Church of Scientology in San Antonio. I used the address they had listed there and pasted it on Google search engine to make sure the address was authentic. I was surprised to see that the results didnt say Church of Scientology but instead it read Dentistry Offices of San Antonio. Confused about the contradictory information, I decided to call the number posted on the website. An answering machine immediately came up and said that I have reached the Church of Scientology of San Antonio. This seemed strange to me because the Google listing and their website posting should have matched. Then, I started thinking that the Google posting was outdated since my call did confirm that I have reached the church. After moments of doubting the information, I decided to make a quick trip to San Antonio and find out for myself if this Church really existed or not. Upon reaching San Antonio, I had a real tough time locating the address. I decided to call the number again and this time a lady did pick up the phone and told me that they are located inside the dentistry office! I thought I had heard wrong when she told me that. When I finally found the place I realized that this wasnt a church. Inside, I was greeted by the Scientology receptionist. Unaware if this place was a church or a mission, I asked her for confirmation. She told me that they have this office for themselves every Tuesday, Thursdays, and Sundays. That being said, I took a quick glance around the waiting area while she was answering the phone behind the counter. There wasnt anybody around except for a few people talking on the other side of the waiting area. Are there any Scientologists here right now? I asked after she finished answering the phone. She stared at me a little funny and said, Yes, but they are in the back room studying, As I started wondering why she was staring at me like that, I finally realized that I didnt introduced myself. I dont blame her. After all, I am a stranger asking strange questions without stating my purpose. Im sorry, my name is Mike. Im from Texas AM University, and Im here because Im working on an ethnographic paper that involves studying a particular group. The group I chose was Scientologists. I decided to lie about my name because I didnt feel comfortable giving out information since Ive read several articles stating that they shouldnt be trusted. I decided not to take any chances. I was unsure about the morality of Scientologists. Sure. No problem. What would you like to know? My name is Mary Joe, by the way. she said. Her response caught me by surprise, as I assumed that she wouldnt agree to talk to me since Ive read many articles stating that Scientologists follow a Fair Game policy when people from external affairs try to question them. Fair Game policy is a policy constructed by Hubbard in 1965 declaring: The homes, property, places and adobes of persons who have been active in attempting to: suppress Scientology or Scientologists are all beyond any protection of Scientology Ethics, unless absolved by later Ethics or an amnestythis Policy Letter extends to suppressive non-Scientology wives and husbands and parents, or other family members or hostile groups or even close friends. (Hubbard) I wasnt being suppressive, but since I started questioning her about Scientologists before I introduced myself, I might have sounded like I was intending to become suppressive. O.K., Im new to Scientology. What can you tell me about Scientology? I asked. I was nervous because I didnt want to offend her by asking questions about controversies or anything relating to the oppressors of Scientology. Well, I can show you some videos that will answer all your questions about Scientology, she replied. I really didnt want to see the videos since I already had a basic concept of the religion, but I didnt want to seem rude by saying no. After watching the videos, I decided to focus my attention to Mary Joe. Well, those were very educational and interesting videos. Now I know the objective behind Scientology. So, how long have you been a Scientologist? I asked. Ive been a Scientologist for twelve years now, she said with a proud glaze in her eyes. How has Scientology changed your life? I asked. Well, I used to be a proud Catholic all my life. I would go to Church every Sunday, and I would donate to the church regularly, she said in a calm voice. But I was going through rough times personally, and I didnt seem to find any comfort in Catholicism no matter how hard I tried. Her voice was now changing as she looked down and explained everything. I was in need of help, so I discovered Scientology after hearing an ad over the radio. The ad was convincing so I decided to visit a Church [of Scientology] to see for myself. I never looked back. So, has Scientology helped you with all your problems? I asked Oh definitely! she responded in a loud voice. Converting to Scientology has been the best move Ive made in my life. I noticed that she sounded a lot like the propaganda videos Scientology posts in their website about how peoples lives have been dramatically changed for the better. After she told me how her life has changed for the better, I began the transition to the controversies Ive read about Scientology. You know, when I was researching about Scientology online, I found a lot of websites attacking this religion. After the video you just showed me, its hard to believe anyone would even try to attack Scientology. Why do you think Scientology is being attacked like that? I asked. Well I dont know of any controversies. Ive only been part of the Church for eleven years, she said. Her response struck me as kind of odd because I havent asked her about any controversies yet. Well, talking about controversies, the biggest one that continues to pop up is the death of former Scientologist Lisa McPherson back in 1995. Do you know anything about that? I asked. No. I dont know anything about that, she said in a somewhat annoyed tone of voice. Ever since Ive joined, I havent heard about any controversies going on with the Church, but theres a Church of Scientology in Austin. Maybe they can help you with your questions, she said. Okay. Could you give me the address and number? I asked. Sure! she said in a happy tone as if she was glad to be off the hot seat. After moments of conversation I dismissed myself and thanked her for all her help. I was now on my way to Austin. Talking to Mary Joe might not be what I was looking for, but her reactions to my questions gave me some insight of what to expect in Austin. My Visit to the Church of Scientology in Austin, Texas Upon arriving to Austin, I discovered that the church was right across The University of Texas on the intersection of Guadalupe Street and W 22nd St. The church itself is not a big cathedral with amazing architecture as one would assume, but its more like a small office building. Once inside, I was greeted by a recruiter named Dean. There were several people walking around acting busy. Everyone was in casual business attire. Dean greeted me and asked me if I needed any help. I stuck with the same strategy as I did with Mary Joe back at San Antonio. I asked him what he could tell me about Scientology in a nutshell. Strangely enough, he referred me to the same videos Mary Joe introduced me to. I dodged my way out of watching the videos again and asked Dean some questions. Sir, do you mind if I ask you a couple of questions? I asked. So, what influenced you to become a Scientologist, if you dont mind me asking? Well, when I was young, I was going through some personal problems. I was hanging around with a bad group of people and I got into a lot trouble. I needed help and I turned to Scientology because they promised me they could change my life. This was interesting since Mary Joe was also influenced by Scientology when she was going through personal problems. After he explained his story, I started asking him questions about the controversial issues regarding Scientology. I dont know anything about that. Ive only been a Scientologist for 17 years, said Dean. For some reason, both Mary Joe and Dean referred to how many years they have been part of the Church. They wouldnt comment on anything beyond that, but Dean gave me a little insight after bringing up the death of Lisa McPherson occasionally during our conversation. Look, lets be straight, said Dean. Every religion has there own controversies. Just look at the Catholic Church for example. They have all that controversy with the ministers molesting their altar boys and stuff like that. The death of Lisa McPherson is just a small thing that people keep bringing up. I thought that he didnt know anything about the death of Lisa McPherson, but he did. Why did he lie to me in the first place? I then started introducing other controversial topics such as Scientologist Jeremy Perkins. Perkins was born into a Scientologist family, but he was experiencing early signs of schizophrenia as a child. Perkins shouldve gone to a psychiatrist to get help, but Scientologists do not believe in psychiatry. As Perkins grew older, his symptoms worsened. Eventually, the schizophrenia got the better of him and he ended up stabbing his mother 71 times, killing her. Dean said that he had heard something about that, but doesnt know too much about it. I then asked him about who Lord Xenu was. Lord Xenu is believed to be the central god or spiritual being Hubbard constructed as the basis for Scientology. He told me he didnt know much about that either, but he told me to speak to Cathy Norman who is the person in charge of giving out information to students who visit this Church. After he gave me her number, he excused himself and left to a back room. I decided to leave, and come back later. After about a couple of hours, I decided to come back. Dean had left for the day, and there werent that many people. There was only a receptionist and a few women, about my age, helping out. I asked the receptionist if Cathy Norman was available, and she said she shell be here tomorrow. I asked her if there was anybody I can talk to besides Ms. Norman, and she told me that Ms. Norman is in charge of taking to students who visit. It was weird to find out that only one person is in charge of talking to students. I thought to myself that Ms. Norman is already accustomed to giving out the right answers, and I wanted somebody who is unprepared to answer the questions I have. While I was talking to the receptionist, I was getting suspicious looks from the other women there. I didnt feel like I did anything wrong, but my assumption would be that Dean told them something about me when I left. While I was just looking around to see if I could find somebody to talk to, a woman around her thirties approached me. She told me that she might be able to help me with some of the questions I have. She seemed like a normal recruiter to me, but it turned out that she was a minister. Ministers basically give out lectures to Scientologists. I asked her similar questions I asked Dean, but I was more interrogative since I was starting to get accustomed to interviewing. Although she was a minister, she only had 10 years of experience with Scientology. The minister, Elisabeth, wasnt prepared for the questions I asked her. There were a lot of similarities to her answers compared to Deans and Mary Joes, but what interested me the most was that, at first, she denied knowing anything about Lord Xenu but later told me that Lord Xenu was a subject of a higher level course that she hasnt taken. I also noticed that she was a lot antsier when I asked her some personal questions about how her family thought of her after she joined Scientology, and other questions along those lines. I wasnt intending to make her feel uncomfortable, but she sure seemed like it so I laid off from the personal questions. After a lengthy conversation, I thanked her for all the help she gave me and I left. Conclusion Although I interviewed three Scientologists, I obtained valuable information from them. Based on my interviews, there were three things I learned. First, all my interviewees had some sort of personal hardship that led them to join Scientology. Second, all three tried to deny any controversies regarding the Church. Third, all denied knowing anything about Lord Xenu for the exception of Elizabeth who eventually revealed a little information about it. Their reactions were pretty constant with the articles Ive read from former Scientologists. For example, John Atack spoke about the Fair Game Policy stating that Scientologists are allowed to misinform you if the questions regard to any criminal allegations about the church. When I asked them about how they feel when people deliberately attack the church, they told me they ignore them since the people stating those comments dont know anything about Scientology. They also said that its just a small group of people who attack the church. I find this hard to believe since the negativity about the church is all over the media. When people think about Scientology, they think about how bad it is by what they hear or see in the internet or television just as I did before I conducted my interviews. However, I feel that Scientologists are not bad or as bad as they were when controversies stared arising in the 1970s. Maybe Hubbard did start a religion for personal gain, but Scientology seems to teach positive information, such as how to overcome personal hardships. Dean, Elizabeth, and Mary Joe all seem to be normal, happy people and they were able to achieve that confidence through Scientology. Dean was right, all religions seem to encounter some form of controversy, but that doesnt mean the people in that religion are all bad. Bibliography Atack, John. Scientology: Religion or Intelligence Agency? A paper delivered at the Dialog Centre International conference in Berlin. www.home.snafu.de. https://home.snafu.de/tilman/j/berlin/html. October 1995. 18 Mar. 2008 Bainbridge, William Sims. 1980. Scientology: To Be Perfectly Clear. Sociological Analysis 41. 2: 128-136 Behar, Richard. The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power Time Magazine. May 6, 1991. 18 Mar. 2008 Collision, Kevin. Scientology center heads downtown Kansas City Star. 17 Mar. 2008 Cowan, Douglas E. Researching Scientology: Academic Premises, Promises, and Problematics reprinted on-line at www.cesnur.org; 10 Mar. 2008 https://www.cesnur.org/2004/waco_cowan.htm Hubbard, Ron L., The Aims of Scientology, quoted on-line at https://www.piratehaven.org/~atman/factnet/rpt.txt. 1 Mar. 2008. Jacobsen, Jeff. Online information. www.lisamcpherson.org. Jan 13, 1997. 12 Mar. 2008 Jarvik, Elaine. Scientology: Church now claims more than 8 million members Deseret Morning News. Sept. 20, 2004; article reprinted at www.deseretnews.com; 11 Mar. 2008 Leiby, Richard. Scientology Fiction: The Churchs War Against Its Critics and Truth The Washington Post, Dec 25,1994, p.C1. 11 Mar. 2008 Scientologists, Elizabeth and Dean. Church of Scientology at Austin. Personal interview. 21 Mar. 2008 Scientologist, Mary Joe. Mission of Scientology at San Antonio. Personal interview. 21 Mar. 2 008